Chapter+16+Lesson+1,+2,+and+3+Summaries

Lesson 1
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

Lesson 2
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

Lesson 3
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

Chapter 16 Lesson 2

Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

__Francis Bacon__: developed the scientific method, which develops theories, tests them, and observes the experiments. Using the observations, scientists would figure out laws of nature.

__Ptolemy__: developed theory that the planets revolved around the earth (200 AD)

__Nicholas Copernicus__: published a book stating that all the planets, including the earth, revolve the sun. (1543)

__Johannes Kepler__: expanded Copernicus’s theory (1600’s)

__Galileo Galilei__: uses telescope to confirm that the earth moved around the sun. He also added his own theories. His work was disputed by the Catholic Church, who tried him for heresy (lying) and found him guilty. He had to recant (take back) his story or be burned alive. He agreed to recant his story, but he still believed he was correct.

__John Locke__: believed that people have certain natural rights that belong to them as human beings, including life, liberty (freedom), and property (belongings). Also believed that government should be limited, and overthrown if not acting fairly.
 * Enlightenment Thinkers**

__Adam Smith__: laissez-faire economics, meaning government should leave businesses alone. He believed supply and demand would work things out.

__Charles-Louis de Secondat, the Baron de Montesquieu__: developed idea of separation of powers in government, where each branch has its own responsibilities

__Francois-Marie Arouet, or Voltaire__: poet, novelist, playwright, philosophe. Wrote for religious toleration, free speech, and end to the slave trade. Went to exile (sent out of his country) but continued to write.

__Denis Diderot__: published a 28-volume Encyclopedia, used by doctors, lawyers, and teachers.

1. The American Revolution was caused by a series of taxes that the British imposed (put in place) and by the British’s unwillingness to see the colonists’ viewpoint.

2. The British lost the war due to George Washington’s leadership and the help of European nations who sided against the British by supporting the colonists with aid and soldiers.

3.. The new government was based on Montesquieu’s ideas of three branches of government with checks and balances. It also included Locke’s ideas about natural rights of people and was based on many ideas in English law.